2 tbsps onions (optional) or shallots, finely sliced, omit if making dry berbere (optional) .
1/2 tsp ground black pepper .
1/4 tsp ground nutmeg (optional) .
1/8 tsp ground cloves .
1 tbsp salt .
1 tsp garlic, minced, use dried garlic if making dry berbere (optional) .
1/2 tsp ground coriander (optional) .
1/4 tsp ground allspice .
1/4 tsp ground turmeric .
1/2 tsp ground cumin (optional) .
4-6 tbsps of a combination ground cayenne pepper or paprika (red pepper, dried chile peppers, or red pepper flakes) .
1/4 c oil or water or red wine (omit if making dry berbere) .
1 tsp ground fenugreek
Directions
Step #1 In a heavy skillet over med-heat/flame, toast the dried spices for a few mins - stirring or shaking the skillet continuously to avoid scorching.
Step #2 Remove from heat & allow this to cool.
Step #3 If making dry berbere powder: grind the mixture in a spice grinder or mixer, or use a mortar & pestle.
Step #4 Store the berbere powder in a tightly-sealed container.
Step #5 If making a berbere paste: mix the toasted spices with the fresh ginger, & oil (water, garlic, onions or shallots, or wine).
Step #6 Grind together in a mixer or with a mortar & pestle.
Step #7 Store the berbere paste in a tightly-sealed container.